Interpreting crankshaft deflection measurements requires a combination of technical knowledge and practical experience. Follow these steps to ensure accurate interpretation:

• Understand the Measurement Units: Crankshaft deflection measurements are typically expressed in micrometers (µm) or millimeters (mm). Familiarize yourself with these units and their conversion to ensure precision in your interpretations. Moreover, the dial indicator should be calibrated and checked regularly for any errors or defects. A faulty dial indicator can give false readings and lead to incorrect interpretation of deflection measurements.

For example, in the table below, U1 means unit 1, T means top position, B means bottom position, F means fuel pump side position, and E means exhaust side position. The values are in mm.

Plot the deflection values on a graph for each unit, using a different color or symbol for each angular position. 

• Establish Baseline Measurements: Before interpreting any measurements, it’s essential to establish baseline readings for the engine when it’s in perfect condition. These baseline measurements act as a reference for identifying deviations and can be found in the engine Technical File, under Shop Trial Measurements.

• Examine Measurement Patterns: Crankshaft deflection measurements are usually taken at multiple points along the crankshaft’s length. Analyze these measurements to identify any recurring patterns or trends. Irregularities may indicate misalignments or mechanical issues.

• • Uniformity: This is when all units show similar values of deflection within acceptable limits. This indicates that the crankshaft is in good condition and aligned properly.
  • Sagging: This is when one or more units show higher values of deflection at either top or bottom positions, indicating that the crankshaft is bending downwards due to gravity or load.
  • Hogging: This is when one or more units show higher values of deflection at either top or bottom positions, indicating that the crankshaft is bending upwards due to gravity or load.
  • Twisting: This is when one or more units show higher values of deflection at either fuel pump side or exhaust side positions, indicating that the crankshaft is twisting along its axis due to torsional forces.
  • Ovality: This is when one or more units show higher values of deflection at all positions, indicating that the crankpin or journal has become oval-shaped due to excessive wear or damage.

• Consider Operational Conditions: It’s vital to take into account the engine’s operational conditions during measurements. Factors like load, temperature, and RPM can influence deflection readings. Comparing measurements under different conditions can provide valuable insights.

For example, the crankshaft expands and contracts with changes in temperature, which can affect the deflection values. Therefore, it is recommended to measure the deflection at a consistent temperature, preferably when the engine is cold or after a short warm-up period.

Moreover, the draught of the vessel can cause bending or twisting of the hull, which can affect the alignment of the engine and the crankshaft. Therefore, it is recommended to measure the deflection at a consistent draught, preferably when the vessel is fully loaded or unloaded.

• Consult Manufacturer Guidelines: Manufacturers of marine engines often provide guidelines for interpreting crankshaft deflection measurements specific to their engine models. These guidelines should be consulted and followed diligently.

  • If they are within tolerance, then no action is required.
  • If they are out of tolerance, then corrective action is needed.

For example, in the table below, the manufacturer’s specifications and limits are given as:

• • Maximum permissible difference between top and bottom positions: 0.12 mm.
  • Maximum permissible difference between fuel pump side and exhaust side positions: 0.08 mm.
  • Maximum permissible difference between adjacent units: 0.04 mm.

In this example, units U1, U2, and U3 are within tolerance, while units U4, U5, and U6 are out of tolerance. Therefore, corrective action is needed for units U4, U5, and U6.

• Seek Expert Advice: If you’re unsure about the interpretation of deflection measurements or suspect a significant issue, it’s advisable to consult with experienced marine engineers or specialists. Their expertise can help pinpoint problems accurately.

• Regularly Monitor and Document: Maintain a comprehensive record of all deflection measurements and their interpretations. Regular monitoring allows you to track the engine’s health over time and detect any changes or deterioration.

  Identify the possible causes and solutions for the crankshaft deflection problems, based on the shape and pattern of the graph and the manufacturer’s recommendations.

• • If the graph shows sagging or hogging, it could be caused by uneven wear of main bearings, misalignment of engine foundation, or distortion of hull structure. The possible solutions are adjusting or replacing main bearings, aligning engine foundation, or correcting hull deformation.
  • If the graph shows twisting, it could be caused by uneven firing pressures, faulty fuel injection system, or misalignment of driven unit. The possible solutions are repairing fuel injection system, adjusting firing pressures, or aligning driven unit.
  • If the graph shows ovality, it could be caused by improper lubrication, journal bearing failure, overspeeding or overloading of engine, excessive crankshaft deflection and misalignment of parts. The possible solutions are replacing crankpin or journal, improving lubrication system, reducing engine speed or load, or correcting crankshaft deflection and alignment.

In conclusion, interpreting marine engine crankshaft deflection measurements is a critical aspect of engine maintenance, ensuring vessel safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. By understanding the importance of these measurements and following the steps outlined in this guide, marine engineers and ship operators can effectively monitor and maintain their engines, ensuring smooth and trouble-free voyages on the high seas.